Gelidus
Wearable daily protection for atopic dermatitis.
Role:
Independent project as an industrial designer.
Timeframe:
July - November 2023
Tools:
SolidWorks, SolutionixC500 3D Scanner, Keyshot, Adobe Creative Suite
OVERVIEW
Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema is a common skin condition amongst all ages, in which the symptoms can be difficult to manage when completing everyday tasks. Analyzing the existing market showed that products have been intended for overnight repair rather than daily protection. This project aimed to design a wearable solution that can protect hands, as they are typically the most vulnerable areas. Guided by primary and secondary research, user testing and prototyping.
Problem Space
With no ultimate cure for the symptoms of atopic dermatitis, patients are treated with prescribed topical corticosteroids (TCS) or various upkeeping methods to help minimise their weakened skin barrier. The widespread discussion of topical steroid addiction/ topical steroid withdrawal (TSA/TSW) on social media and the dismissal of healthcare professionals regarding a patient’s concerns about TSA/ TSW has led to some no longer choosing TCS. The refusal may lead to the misuse of steroid creams and denial of treatment from the healthcare professional, thus worsening symptoms (Tan et al., 2021).
How can I design a product to protect atopic dermatitis in working conditions that will still align with the values of those affected?
Research
Market Analysis
(The Allergy Shop, n.d.)
Tubifast garments available for purchase.
(YoRo Naturals, n.d.)
RemedyWear line available for all ages.
(Prototypes for Humanity, 2022)
‘Rollo’ itch relief ball designed by Koh Bei Ning in use.
A few existing products aim to aid symptoms of AD, and even fewer products can be used in everyday working conditions. Recommended by health professionals for wet-wrap-therapy (WWT), Tubifast is a ready-to-use bandage for adults or as clothing for ages 11 and below. Made of viscose, elastane and polyamide, Tubifast provides a 2-way stretch to ensure user comfort, minimising material fraying and reusability. While Tubifast has yet to make advancements to its products, brands such as YoRo have been recommended for WWT by the National Eczema Association (n.d). YoRo’s clothing line ‘RemedyWear’ incorporates TENCELTM and anti-bacterial zinc, claiming to soothe symptoms of AD (Boldt et al., 2013). ‘Rollo’, designed by Koh Bei Ning, is a textured steel ball encased in a rolling mechanism that can be disassembled and cleaned. Ning has yet to release the product to the public; nevertheless, she aims for Rollo to assist people with itchy skin conditions like AD to have the ability to indulge in guilt-free itch without breaking the skin barrier.
Key Findings:
Cotton is broadly used in products as it is the most comfortable fabric and can be infused with additives such as zinc for soothing benefits.
Products don’t aim to completely stop the user’s habit of scratching but to find other pathways to provide relief.
Wearable products are made to be worn overnight.
All products are made to be washed and reused.
User Interviews
I then formed a questionnaire to gain a thorough understanding of the pain points from existing products concerning those experiencing atopic dermatitis on the hands. The following questions were:
At what age were you diagnosed with atopic dermatitis?
Have you had any success in understanding what triggers your hand eczema? Please identify triggers.
Which areas of your hand are most prone to eczema?
What methods have you used to minimise flare-ups on your hands?
Does hand eczema affect your ability to work/ do everyday tasks?
What physical products do you use to help soothe your eczema (if applicable)?
Do you still use those products?
Please list the advantages and disadvantages of the products (if applicable).
I would find a wearable product helpful in protecting my hand eczema.
I would prefer the product to be aesthetically pleasing.
Results:
The completed survey indicated that cotton gloves were the main physical product used to help with their eczema. Many identified several issues with cotton gloves as they cannot be used during the day, can inhibit them from completing specific tasks, can be uncomfortable at night or during hot weather, can stick to open wounds, get dirty or feel embarrassed. On the other hand, positive notes about cotton gloves were that they protected the user from further damaging the skin and helping topical creams to stay on for longer, minimising symptoms in the morning. The survey also indicated what areas of the hand are most commonly affected by eczema, with webs in between fingers being most affected, then the back of hand and knuckles.
Scientific Research
Scientific research also needed to be explored in this project to broaden my understanding of how medical professionals assist their patients with eczema. I created an affinity map that allowed me to summarise the patient’s feelings towards their condition and treatment, symptoms and treatment methods.
Design Development
Early Sketching
Sketch 1. Open palm design.
Sketch 2. Design covering more surface area, still supporting part of the palm.
Sketch 3. Open palm design with wrist opening for movement.
Sketch 4. Light blue demonstrating sodium acetate inserts with small diagram below representing tri-layer glove; silicone material sandwiching the inserts.
In understanding the rise of steroid phobia (Tan et al., 2021) and the lack of physical products available to improve eczema conditions, sketches 1 to 4 were formed. The sketches intended for the gloves to be made from a silicone material with a cooling/ heating sodium acetate insert, as it can provide the most flexibility for the user. Feedback received was that the adjustment detail seen on Sketch 4 was an interesting take to ensure that the glove could fit different anatomies and that the cutouts needed to be further tested and explored on users. While the feedback provided valuable insights, the sketches were drawn at very early stages of the project, and it was difficult to visualise the practicality of the gloves.
Low-fidelity Prototyping
The first round of prototypes was made using latex dishwashing gloves, as seen in prototypes 1 to 3. Users and studio leaders observed the low-fidelity prototypes to narrow the design’s direction. The first two prototypes were helpful in understanding that users did not desire the product to look like a traditional glove. Thus, the cutouts seen in prototype 3 were much better received regarding function and aesthetics. The idea of a cooling/ heating insert made of sodium acetate, demonstrated in prototype 1, was rejected by users as it seemed too complex to maintain the cleanliness of the product and would add bulkiness to the design. Continuing with further improvements, the glove should aim to move away from a heavy design to appear less like a traditional glove. While prototype 4 had an interesting approach due to the adjustable fastening around the fingers and wrist, the overall form was not favoured. Instead, prototype 5 was preferred due to the cutouts made to expose more of the user’s hand. Users recognised that this design seemed manageable for the user to maintain their sense of touch. During this stage, the material choice pivoted to silver as the survey identified pain points for cotton gloves, the traditional product choice for those with atopic dermatitis on the hands. In considering the benefits of cooling inflamed areas with ice and the disadvantages of cotton gloves, metal was the most helpful in addressing the user’s concerns. Additional research revealed the anti-bacterial properties of silver, commonly used in the medical field (Sim et al., 2018). Anti-tarnishing coatings such as waterborne polyurethane (WPU) can also be applied to silver to make the glove suitable for everyday wear (Kazemzadeh et al., 2017).
Final Prototypes
To better understand the stiffness of silver, 3D-printed PLA prototypes based on the size of my hand were completed. Six prototypes were made, and form, function, and aesthetics were tested. As the cutout designs were always positively received by participants, they were featured across prototypes 6 to 11, adjusted to follow in-between the hand’s bone structure. Each prototype was adjusted according to feedback from users and studio leaders, making changes with the thickness of the product to featuring hinges for better functionality, leading to prototype 11.
The glove was modelled to be printed at a 1.2-millimetre thickness with hinge movement along the knuckles and wrist, similar to watch link hinges. It is designed to be worn during the daytime, as the exposed areas allow users to continue everyday tasks as usual while being aesthetically pleasing to increase their confidence.
Results & Reflection
As the project has come to an end, Gelidus allowed me to explore my place as a designer in the medical field. With understanding the research implemented in this process, empathy and curiosity are crucial characteristics as a designer to create better solutions. Although I am satisfied with the design and functionality, I believe that with the help of dermatologists and a larger group of users, it would have improved Gelidus.